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*D*R*A*F*T* 3/4/99 BIBLIOGRAPHY HEROIN AND OTHER OPIOID DEPENDENCE AND ABUSE Prepared by Richard Schottenfeld, 3/11/99, for Addiction Psychiatry Curriculum Development Project Classic Contributions Himmelsbach, CK. Clinical Studies on Drug Addiction. Physical dependence, withdrawal and recovery. Arch. Intern Med. 69:766-772, 1942. Meyer RE, Mirin SM (eds). The Heroin Stimulus. New York: Plenum Press, 1979. [Describes the results of human laboratory studies of naltrexone blockade and unblocked heroin use. Summarizes prior studies of effects of chronic opiate administration in humans. In the experiments reported by the investigators, research subjects consumed nearly maximum allowed heroin under unblocked conditions. With naltrexone blockade, some subjects curtailed work for heroin rather rapidly, while others continued to work for heroin and to self-administer heroin. During the unblocked condition, there was a significant increase in psychopathology scores and dysphoria during a ten-day cycle of drug use. Heroin use was also associated with significant reductions in social interactions and increased social isolation. In subjects who subsequently enrolled in a community outpatient naltrexone treatment program, payment of $1 per day led to significant improvement in retention.] Wikler A, Pescor FT. Classical Conditioning of a Morphine Abstinence Phenomenon, Reinforcement of Opioid-Drinking Behavior and "relapse" in Morphine-Addicted Rats. Psychopharmacologia (Berl.) 10:255-284, 1967.
Neurobiology Aghajanian GK, Kogan JH, Moghaddam B. Opiate withdrawal increases glutamate and aspartate efflux in the locus coeruleus: an in vivo microdialysis study. Brain Research 636:126-130, 1994. Harris GC, Aston-Jones G. Involvement of D2 dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens in the opiate withdrawal syndrome. Nature 371:155, 1994. Koob GF. Drugs of abuse: anatomy, pharmacology and function of reward pathways. TiPS 13 (May), 1992. Koob GF, Le Moal M. Drug abuse: Hedonic homeostatic dysregulation. Science 278:52-58, 1997. Mao J, Price DD, Mayer DJ. Mechanisms of hyperalgesia and morphine tolerance: a current view of their possible interactions. Pain 62:259-74, 1995. Nader K, Bechara A, Roberts DSC, van der Kooy D. Neuroleptics block high- but not low-dose heroin place preferences: Further evidence for a two-system model of motivation. Behavioral Neuroscience 108:1128-1138, 1994. Nestler EJ. Molecular mechanisms of drug addiction. Journal of Neuroscience 12:2439-2350, 1992. Nestler EJ, Alreja M, Aghajanian GK. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of opiate action: Studies in the rat locus coeruleus. Brain Research Bulletin 35:521-528, 1994. Nestler EJ, Aghajanian GK. Molecular and cellular basis of addiction. Science 278:58-63. 1997. Rasmussen K. the role of the locus coeruleus and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) and AMPA receptors in opiate withdrawal. Neuropsychopharmacology 13(4), 1995. Terenius L. Opiate receptorsthe historical breakthrough in drug research. Biochem. Soc. Symp. 59:13-25.
Epidemiology, Natural History and Ethnographic Studies Vaillant GE. A 12 year follow-up of narcotic addicts: Some characteristics and determinants of abstinence. Am Journal Psychiatry 123:573-585, 1966. Vaillant GE. A 20-year follow-up of New York narcotic addicts. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39:161-166, 1982. Waldorf, D. Life Without Heroin: Some Social Adjustments During Long-term Periods of Voluntary Abstention. Social Problems 18:228-243, 1970. Finestone H. Cats, kicks, and color. Social Problems 5(1):3-13, 1957. [Drug culture serves as alternative to traditional status or achievement norms, which are unachievable to high risk groups.] Hughes PH, Crawford GA. A Contagious Disease Model for Researching and Intervening in Heroin Epidemics. Arch General Psychiatry 27:149-155, 1972. Hughes PH and Rieche O. Heroin epidemics revisited. Epidemiol Rev 17:63-73, 1995. Hughes PH, Crawford GA, Barker NW, Schumann S, Jaffe JH. The social structure of a herin copping commuity. American Journal of Psychiatry 125(%):551-558, 1971. McAuliffe WE, Gordon RA. A test of Lindesmiths theory of addiction: The frequency of euphoria among long-term addicts. American Journal of Sociology 79(4):795-840, 1974. Chein, I, Gerard DL, Lee RS, Rosenfeld E. The Road to H: Narcotics, Delinquency and Social Policy. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1964. Nurco DN, Cisin IH, Balter MB. Addict careers: I: A new typology. Intl Journal of Addictions 16(8):1305-1325, 1981. Nurco DN, Cisin IH, Balter MB. Addict careers: II: he first ten years. Intl Journal of Addictions 16(7):1327-1356, 1981. Preble E. and Casey JJ. Taking Care of BusinessThe Heroin Users Life on the Street. The International Journal of the Addictions 4:1-24, 1969. Hanson B, Beshner G, Walters JM, Bovelle E (eds). Life With HeroinVoices From The Inner City. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1985. Robins, LN. The Vietnam Drug User Returns. Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention, Series A, Number 2, May, 1974. Waldorf D, Biernacki P. The natural recovery from opiate addiction: Some preliminary findings. Journal of Drug Issues 11(1):61-74, 1981.
History, Social, Legal and Policy Issues Musto DF. The American DiseaseOrigins of Narcotics Control. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1973. White WL. Slaying the Dragon: The History of Addiction Treatment and Recovery in America. Bloomington, IL: Chestnut Health Systems/Lighthouse Institute, 1998.
Treatment Approaches Overviews Hubbard RL, Marsden ME, Rachal JV, Harwood HJ, Cavanaugh ER, and Ginzburg HM. Drug Abuse TreatmentA National Study of Effectiveness. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1989. Institute of Medicine. Treating Drug ProblemsVol 1A study of the Evolution, Effectiveness and Financing of Public and Private Drug Treatment Systems. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1990. Simpson DD, Sells SG (eds.). Opioid Addiction and Treatment: A 12-Year Follow-Up Robert E. Krieger Publishing Co., Malabar, FL, 1990. Withdrawal Treatments Review: Kleber HD. Detoxification. In GO Gabbard, Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders, Second Edition, Vol 1, American Psychiatric Association Press, Washington, 1995.
Original Articles Gold MS, Redmond DE, Kleber HD. Clonidine in opiate withdrawal. Lancet, 1:929-930, 1979. Charney DS, Heninger GR, Leber HD. The combined use of clonidine and naltrexone as a rapid, safe and efective treatment of opiate withdrawal. Am J Psychiatry, 143:7, 1986. OConnor PG, Kosten TR. Rapid and ultrarapid opioid detoxification techniques. JAMA 279(3):229-234, 1998.
Agonist Maintenance Treatment Reviews Schottenfeld RS, Kleber HD. Opioid Agonists. In HI Kaplan and BJ Sadock, Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, seventh edition. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, in press. Original Articles Abbott PJ, Weller SB, Delaney HD, Moore BA. Community reinforcement approach in the treatment of opiate addicts. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 24:17, 1998. Anglin M D, Almog I J, Fisher D G, Peters K R. Alcohol use by heroin addicts: evidence for an inverse relationship. A study of methadone maintenance and drug-free treatment samples. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 15:191-207, 1989. Anglin M D, Speckart G R, Booth M W, Ryan T M: Consequences and costs of shutting off methadone. Addictive Behaviors 14:307-326, 1989. Ball J C, Ross A: The effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991. [Finds marked program to program variability in outcome in 6 methadone maintenance programs in the Northeast. Provides evidence of importance of methadone dose, length of time in treatment, program policies and program stability in influencing outcome.] Bell J, Bowron P, Lewis J, Batey R: Serum levels of methadone in maintenance clients who persist in illicit drug use. Br J Addict 85:1599-1602, 1990. Bickel WK, Amass L, Higgins ST, Badger GJ, Esch RA. Effects of adding behavioral treatment to opioid detoxification with buprenorphine. J Consulting Clinical Psychology 65:803, 1997. Bickel W K, Rizzuto P: The naturalistic oscillating patterns of alcohol consumption in alcoholic methadone patients. J Stud Alcohol 52:454-457, 1991. Brooner RK, King VL, Kidorf M, Schmidt DW. Psychiatric and substance use comorbidity among treatment-seeking opioid abusers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:71-80, 1997. Caplehorn Jr, Dalton MS, Haldar F, Petrenas AM, Nisbet JG. Methadone maintenance and addicts risk of fatal heroin overdose. Substance Use and Misuse 31:177-196, 1996. Chatham LR, Rowan-Szal GA, Joe GW, Simpson DD. Heavy drinking, alcohol-dependent vs. nondependent methadone-maintenance: A follow-up study. Addictive Behaviors 22:69, 1997. D'Aunno T, Vaughn T E: Variations in methadone treatment practices. JAMA 267:253-258, 1992. Dole V P: Implications of methadone maintenance for theories of narcotic addiction. JAMA 260:3025-3029, 1988. Dole V P, Nyswander M: A medical treatment for diacetylmorphine (heroin) addiction. JAMA 193:80-84, 1965. [Initial article describing methadone maintenance treatment.] Dole V P, Nyswander M E, Kreek M J: Narcotic blockade. Arch Intern Med 118:304-309, 1966. Dole V P, Nyswander M E, Warner A: Successful treatment of 750 addicts. JAMA 206:2708-2711, 1968. [Classic Contributiondescribes outcome for first 750 patients treated with methadone maintenance treatment in NYC.] Effective Medical Treatment of Heroin Addiction. NIH Consensus Development Statement Online 1997 (cited 3/27/98); 15(6): in press, 1997. [Also published in JAMA. Notes importance of increasing access/availability of opioid substitution treatment.] Eisenberg T, Bigelow GE, Strain EC, Walsh SL, Brooner RK, Stitzer ML, Johnson RE. Dose-related efficacy of levomethadyl Acetate for treatment of opioid dependence: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 277:1945-1951, 1997. Finnegan L P: Effects of maternal opiate abuse on the newborn. Federation Proc. 44:2314-2317, 1985. [Discusses rationale for use of methadone maintenance to treat pregnant heroin addicts.] Glanz M. Methadone vs. L-alpha-acetylmethadol (methadyl acetate) in the treatment of opiate addiction. Am J Addict 6:339-349, 1997. [Meta-analysis of studies comparing methadone and LAAM.] Grella CE, Anglin MD, Wugalter SE. Patterns and predictors of cocaine and crack use by clients in standard and enhanced methadone maintenance treatment. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 23:14, 1997. Gronbladh L, Gunne L: Methadone-assisted rehabilitation of Swedish heroin addicts. Drug Alcohol Depend. 24:31-37, 1989. [Describes results of randomized clinical trial comparing methadone maintenance to drug-free outpatient treatment. Despite superiority of methadone maintenance in the study, additional restrictions were placed on methadone maintenance in Sweden following the study.] Gronbladh L, Ohlund L S, Gunne L M: Mortality in heroin addiction: impact of methadone treatment. Acta Psychiatr Scand 82:223-227, 1990. [Methadone maintenance reduces mortality risk in heroin addicts.] Hartgers C, van den Hoek A, Krijnen P, Coutinho RA. HIV prevalence and risk behavior among injecting drug users who participate in "low-threshold" methadone programs in Amsterdam. American Journal of Public Health 82(4): 547-551, 1992. Iguchi MY, Belding MA, Morral AR, Lamb RJ, Husband SD. Reinforcing operants other than abstinence in drug abuse treatment: An effective alternative for reducing drug use. J Consulting Clinical Psychology 65:421, 1997. Inturrisi C E, Colburn W A, Kaiko R F, Houde R W, Foley K M: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methadone in patients with chronic pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther 41:392-401, 1987. Iribarne C, Berthou F, Carlhant D, Dreano Y, Picart D, Lohezic F, Riche C. Inhibition of methadone and buprenorphine N-dealkylations by three HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Drug Metabolism Disposition 26:257, 1998. Jaffe J H, Martin W R: Opioid analgesics and antagonists. In The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 7th edition, A G Gilman, L S Goodman, T W Rall, F Murad, editors, pp. 491-531, 1985. Joe G W, Simpson D D, Hubbard R L: Unmet service needs in methadone maintenance. Int J Addict 26:1-22, 1991. Kaltenbach K, Berghella V, Finnegan L. Opioid dependence during pregnancy: Effects and management. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 25:139, 1998. [Recent review of rationale for methadone maintenance for pregnant heroin addicts.] Kraft MK, Rothbard AB, Hadley TR, McLellan AT, Asch DA. Are supplementary services provided during mentadone maintenance really cost-effective? Am J Psychiatry 154:1214-1219, 1997. [Cost-effectiveness analysis applied to McLellan and colleagues landmark 1993 study. Standard methadone services are more cost-effective than either minimal services or enhanced services.] Kreek M J: Using methadone effectively: achieving goals by application of laboratory, clinical, and evaluation research and by development of innovative programs. In Improving Drug Abuse Treatment, R W Pickens, C G Leukefeld, C R Schuster, editors, pp. 245-266, National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 106, Rockville, MD, 1991. Ling W, Klett C J, Gillis R D: A cooperative clinical study of methadyl acetate. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35:345-353, 1978. Ling W, Charuvastra C, Kaim S C, Klett C J: Methadyl acetate and methadone as maintenance treatments for heroin addicts. Arch Gen Psychiatry 33:709-720, 1976. Marsch LA. The efficacy of methadone maintenance interventions in reducing illicit opiate use, HIV risk behavior and criminality: A meta-analysis. Addiction 93:515, 1998. McLellan AT, Arndt IO, Metzger DS, Woody GE, O'Brien CP. The effects of psychosocial services in substance abuse treatment. JAMA. 269:1943-1959,1993. [Landmark study demonstrating the efficacy of counseling in methadone maintenance treatment.] Metzger DS, Woody GE, MCLellan AT, O"Brien CP, Druley P, et.al. Human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion among intravenous drug users in- and out-of-treatment: an 18-month prospective follow-up. Journal of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes. 6(9):1049-1056, 1993. Moody DE, Alburges ME, Parker RJ, Collins JM, Strong JM. The involvement of cytochrome P450 3A4 in the N-demethylation of L-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM), norLAAM, and methadone. Drug Metabolism Disposition 25:1347, 1997. Nunes EV, Quitkin FM, Donovan SJ, Deliyannides D, Ocepek-Welikson K, Koenig T, Brady R, McGrath PJ, Woody G. Imipramine treatment of opiate-dependent patients with depressive disorders: A placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55:153, 1998. [Imipramine is effective in the treatment of depressed methadone maintained patients.] National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Methadone maintenance and patients in alcoholism treatment. Alcohol Alert 1:1-2, August, 1988. Novick DM, Joseph H, Salsitz EA, Kalin MF, Keefe JB, Miller EL, Richman BL. Outcomes of treatment of socially rehabilitated methadone maintenance patients in physicians offices (medical maintenance): Follow-up at three and a half to nine and a fourth years. Journal of General Internal Medicine 9:127-30, 1994. Novick D M, Ochshorn M, Ghali V, Croxson T S, Mercer W D, Chiorazzi N, Kreek M J: Natural killer cell activity and lymphocyte subsets in parental heroin abusers and long-term methadone maintenance patients. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 250:606-610, 1989. Novick D M, Pascarelli E F, Joseph H, Salsitz E A, Richman B L, DesJarlais D C, Anderson M, Dole V P, Nyswander M E: Methadone maintenance patients in general medical practice. JAMA 259:3299-3302, 1988. Rettig RA, Yarmolinsky A (eds.). Federal Regulations of Methadone Treatment. Washington, D.C. Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, 1995. Schottenfeld RS, Pakes JP, Oliveto A, Ziedonis D, Kosten TR. Buprenorphine vs. methadone maintenance treatment for concurrent opioid dependence and cocaine use. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54, 713-720, 1997. Senay E C: Methadone maintenance. In American Psychiatric Association Task Force on Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders, vol. 2, ch. 136, Washington, D.C. American Psychiatric Association, 1989, pp. 1342-1359. Silverman K, Higgins ST, Brooner RK, Montoya ID, Cone EJ, Schuster CR, Preston KL. Sustained cocaine abstinence in intravenous polydrug abusers through voucher-based reinforcement therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53:409-417, 1996. Stitzer M L, Bigelow G E. Contingent methadone take-home privileges: effects on compliance with fee payment schedules. Drug Alcohol Depend 13:395-399, 1984. Stitzer M L, Kirby K C: Reducing illicit drug use among methadone patients. In Improving Drug Abuse Treatment, R W Pickens, C G Leukefeld, C R Schuster, editors, pp 178-203, National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 106, Rockville, MD, 1991. Strain EC, Stitzer ML, Liebson IA, Bigelow GE. Dose-response effects of methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence. Annals of Internal Medicine. 119(1):23-27, 1993. [Double blind comparison of methadone maintenance at daily methadone doses of 50 mg, 20 mg, and 0 mg. Results show dose-dependent effects of methadone on rates of illicit opioid use. Low dose methadone (20 mg) associated with improved retention compared to placebo but inadequate for suppressing illicit opiate use.] Strug DL, Hund DE, Goldsmith DS, Lipton DS, Spunt B. Patterns of cocaine use among methadone clients. Intl J. Addictions 20:1163-1175, 1985. Wesson D R: Revival of medical maintenance in the treatment of heroin dependence. Editorial. JAMA 259:3314-3315, 1988. White WL. Slaying the Dragon: The History of Addiction Treatment and Recovery in America. Bloomington, IL: Chestnut Health Systems/Lighthouse Institute, 1998. Willenbring M L, Morley J E, Krahn D D, Carlson G A, Levine A L, Shafer R B: Psychoneuroendocrine effects of methadone maintenance. Psychoneuroendocrinology 14:371-391, 1989. Woody G. Psychotherapy in community methadone programs. Am J Psychiatry 152, 1302-1308, 1995. Woody GE, McLellan AT, Luborsky L, O'Brien CP: Psychotherapy and counseling for methadone-maintained opiate addicts: results of research studies. In Psychotherapy and Counseling in the Treatment of Drug Abuse, L S Onken, J D Blaine, editors, National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 104, pp. 9-23, Rockville, MD, 1990. Yancovitz S R, DesJarlais D C, Peyser N P, Drew E, Friedmann P, Trigg H L, Robinson J W: A randomized trial of an interim methadone maintenance clinic. Amer J Public Health 81:1185-1191, 1991.
Naltrexone Altman JL, Meyer RE, Mirin SM, McNameeHB. Opiate antagonists and the modification of heroin self-administration behavior in man: an experimental study. Int J Addictions 11:485-499, 1976. Anton RF, Hogan I, Jalai B, Riordan CE, Kleber HD. Multiple family therapy and naltrexone in the treatment of opiate dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 8:157-168, 1981. Brahen LS, Henderson RK, Capone T, Kordal N. Naltrexone treatment in a jail work-release program. J Clin Psychiatry 45:49-52, 1984. Callahan EJ. Comparison of two naltrexone treatment programs: Naltrexone alone versus naltrexone plus behavior therapy. In: Julius D, Renault P (eds), Narcotic Antagonists: Naltrexone. NIDA Research Monograph 9, 1976. Callahan EJ. The treatment of heroin addiction: Naltrexone alone with behavior therapy. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 7:795-807, 1980. Cornish JW, Metzger D, Woody GE, Wilson D, McLellan AT, Vandergrift B, OBrien CP. Naltrexone pharmacotherapy for opioid dependent federal probationers. J Substance Abuse Treatment 14:529-34, 1997. Grabowski J. Effects of contingent payment on compliance with naltrexone regimen. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 6:355-365, 1979. Greenstein RA, Arndt JC, McClellan AT, OBrien CP, Evans B. Naltrexone: a clinical perspective. J Clin Psychiatry 45:25-28, 1984. Landabaso MA, Iraurgi I, Jimenez-Lerma JM, Sanz J, Fernadez de Corres B, Araluce K, Calle R, Gutierrez-Fraile M. A randomized trial of adding fluoxetine to a naltrexone treatment programme for heroin addicts. Addiction 93:739-44, 1998. Martin WR, Jasinski D, Mansky P. Naltrexone, an antagonist for the treatment of heroin dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 23:784-789, 1973. Meyer RE. Prospects for a rational pharmacotherapy of alcoholism. J Clin Psychiatry 50:403-412, 1989. Meyer RE, McNamee HB, Mirin SM, Altman JL. Analysis and modification of opiate reinforcement. Int J Addictions 11:467-484, 176. Meyer RE, Mirin SM, Altman JL, McNamee HB. A behavioral paradigm for the evaluation of narcotic antagonists. Arch Gen Psychiatry 33:371-377, 1976. Meyer RE, Mirin SM, Zackow F. Community outcome on narcotic antagonists. In: Meyer RE, Mirin SM (eds.), The Heroin Stimulus. New York: Plenum Press, 1979. Meyer R, Randall R, Barrington C, Mirin S, Greenberg I. Limitations of an extinction approach to narcotic antagonist treatment. NIDA Research Monograph 9:123-135, 1976. Mirin SM, Meyer RE, McNamee HB, McDougle M. Psychopathology, craving, and mood during heroin acquisition: an experimental study. Int J Addictions 11:525-544, 1976. OMalley JE, Anderson WH, Lazare A. Failure of outpatient treatment of drug abuse: I. Heroin. Am J Psychiatry 128:865-868, 1972. Resnick R, Schuyten-Resnick E, Washton AM. Narcotic antagonists in the treatment of opioid dependence. Compr Psychiatry 20:116-125, 1979. Roth A, Hogan I, Farren C. Naltrexone plus group therapy for the treatment of opiate-abusing health-care professionals. J Substance Abuse Treatment 14:19-22, 1997/ Rounsaville BJ. Can psychotherapy rescue naltrexone treatment of opioid addiction? NIDA Research Monograph 150:37-52, 1995. [Reviews prior research on naltrexone for the treatment of opioid dependence. Establishes research agenda for improving its effectiveness in clinical practice.] Rounsaville BJ, Kleber HD. Psychotherapy/counseling for opiate addicts: Strategies for use in different treatment settings. Int J Addictions 20:869-896, 1985. Tennant FS, Fawson RA, Cohen AJ, Mann A. Clinical experience with naltrexone in suburban opioid addicts. J Clin Psychiatry 45:41-45, 1984. Washton AM., Pottash AC, Gold MS. Naltrexone in addicted business executives and physicians. J Clin Psychiatry 45:39-41, 1984.
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